more moderate activities such as lawn bowls, gardening). carrying loads, heavy gardening, chopping wood, labouring – at home, during work or anywhere else) and (3) In the past 2 weeks did you do any other leisure time physical activities that you haven’t already mentioned? (e.g. Participants answered either yes/ no/ don’t know to the following questions: (1) In the last 2 weeks did you walk for recreation or exercise for at least 10 minutes continuously? (2) In the past 2 weeks did you do any vigorous activity or exercise which made you breathe harder or puff and pant? (e.g. Participants provided information on the performance of moderate or vigorous activities and walking exercise 13, which were used to determine metabolic equivalents (METs) over 1 week 12. The physical activity questionnaire used in the BMES was based on the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) 12. For comparison, we also examined the association between levels of physical activity and 10-year mortality risk in this population.įull size image Assessment of physical activity Therefore, in our cohort study of adults aged 49+ years at baseline we aimed to investigate whether total physical activity is independently associated with successful aging, which was defined as not experiencing disability and chronic disease (coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer), having good mental health and functional independence, and reporting optimal physical, respiratory and cognitive function during 10 years of follow-up. Some studies have shown either a lack of or a weak independent association between physical activity and successful aging 6, 8, 9 however, other cohort studies as well as systematic reviews have shown that higher levels of physical activity (based on frequency of participation or energy expenditure in a range of household, leisure, or exercise activity) was associated with aging successfully 2, 7, 10.Ī clear understanding of the associations between behavioral determinants, such as physical activity, and successful aging is essential in the preparation of effective measures of health promotion and disease/disability prevention in global planning for the well-being of older adults 7. However, the association between physical activity and successful aging (determined as a multidimensional concept) has shown heterogeneity across studies 2. Numerous studies have found that physical activity decreases the risk of many chronic diseases and increases longevity 4, 5, 6, 7. It has been posited that this type of a multi-domain approach of assessing aging status, rather than focussing on risk factors for individual health outcomes, such as disability or functioning could be more useful 2, 3. Successful aging is specified as a multi-domain concept that comprises and transcends good health, and is made up of a wide spectrum of biopsychosocial factors for example, Rowe and Kahn previously defined successful aging as not suffering from chronic diseases, having optimal social engagement and mental health, as well as a lack of physical disability 1. Older adults who engaged in high levels of total physical activity, well above the current recommended minimum level had a greater likelihood of aging successfully 10 years later. After multivariable adjustment older adults in the highest level of total physical activity (≥5000 MET minutes/week n = 71) compared to those in the lowest level of total physical activity (<1000 MET minutes/week n = 934) had 2-fold greater odds of aging successfully than normal aging, odds ratio, OR, 2.08 (95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.12–3.88). 249 (15.7%) participants (mean age 59.9 ± 6.1) had aged successfully 10 years later. Successful aging status was determined through interviewer-administered questionnaire and was classified as the absence of: depressive symptoms, disability, cognitive impairment, respiratory symptoms and systemic conditions (e.g. Participants provided information on the performance of moderate or vigorous activities and walking exercise and this was used to determine total metabolic equivalents (METs) minutes of activity per week. The analyses involved 1,584 adults aged 49 + years living west of Sydney (Australia), who did not have cancer, coronary artery disease and stroke at baseline and who were followed over 10 years. We aimed to examine the temporal association between physical activity and successful aging.
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